Chemistry

An interactive GCSE chemistry lesson exploring electron configurations and their connection to the periodic table. Students build shell diagrams for the first 20 elements, write numerical configurations and investigate how outer electrons and occupied shells determine group and period. Includes animated shell filling, worked examples, guided practice, element comparisons and reaction predictions, aligned with AQA 4.1.1.7 and 4.1.2.1.

Explore how temperature and particle position and movement change as substances are heated and change state

Explore the differences between simple molecular substances and giant covalent structures through interactive particle diagrams and simulations. Investigate how heating affects intermolecular forces and covalent bonds, discover why larger molecules have higher boiling points, and compare electrical conductivity. Featuring a rotatable silicon dioxide structure, heating animations, molecular size comparisons and knowledge-check questions, this simulation helps GCSE Chemistry students link structure and bonding to physical properties.

Addition Polymerisation – From Monomers to Polymers Explore how small alkene molecules join together to form long-chain polymers through addition polymerisation. Select different monomers, watch their carbon–carbon double bonds open to form new covalent bonds, and investigate how repeating units are represented using correct chemical notation. Discover why polymers are solids at room temperature by exploring strong covalent bonds within polymer chains and intermolecular forces between them. Compare the structures of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to understand how branching affects packing, density and melting behaviour. Interactive animations, exam-style diagrams and knowledge-check questions help GCSE Chemistry students visualise polymer formation and explain the relationship between structure, bonding and properties.

Bonding Basics: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding An interactive introduction to the three main types of chemical bonding for GCSE Chemistry. Students explore how the types of elements involved determine whether ionic, covalent or metallic bonding occurs. Through simple animated particle models, they discover what happens to electrons during bonding and how this produces different structures. Using familiar examples including sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, hydrogen, water and pure metals, students can predict bonding types, observe electron transfer, sharing or delocalisation, and compare the resulting structures. The simulation includes a side-by-side comparison of all three bonding types and an interactive knowledge check, making it ideal for introducing chemical bonding before studying each type in greater detail.

Explore the formation, structure and properties of ionic compounds through animated dot-and-cross diagrams. Follow single and multiple electron transfers, inspect the resulting ions and build chemical formulae by balancing charges. Compare a flat lattice layer with a rotatable 3D model, then investigate melting, electrical conductivity, brittleness and dissolving. GCSE and A-level modes provide suitable examples and extensions, with step-by-step playback, optional full-shell diagrams and activities that connect particle models to clear written explanations.

Explore how metallic bonding explains the structure and properties of metals. Begin with neutral sodium atoms, then press Delocalise to watch their outer electrons become shared throughout the metal, leaving positive ion cores. Six interactive screens cover metallic structure, electrical conductivity, thermal conduction, melting, malleability and alloys, with an A-level comparison of sodium, magnesium and aluminium. Pause, step and replay controls support discussion, while the layout keeps each demonstration and its explanation visible together.

Explore covalent bonding through animated dot-and-cross shell diagrams in the style of GCSE textbooks and exam papers. Select atoms or choose familiar molecules, then watch electrons form shared pairs. Investigate single, double and triple bonds, identify lone pairs, check completed outer shells and connect diagrams with molecular and displayed formulae. Additional sections explain the electrostatic attraction holding bonded atoms together and link the structures of molecular substances, diamond, graphite, graphene, silicon dioxide, fullerenes and polymers to their properties. Built-in diagram questions provide immediate feedback. Suitable for GCSE teacher demonstrations, guided exploration and independent revision.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry visualisation for exploring the properties and reactions of the Group 7 halogens. Students compare chlorine, bromine and iodine, investigate trends in relative molecular mass, melting point and boiling point, explore why reactivity decreases down the group, and model the formation of ionic and covalent compounds. An interactive displacement-reaction lab allows students to predict, observe and explain reactions between halogens and aqueous halide salts. Projector and Student views, staged animations, predictions and diagnostic questions support both whole-class teaching and independent learning.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry lesson exploring how metals and non-metals differ in their position in the periodic table, physical properties and chemical behaviour. Students predict properties before completing a virtual practical investigation using copper, sulfur, aluminium, graphite and iron, testing appearance, bending/brittleness, electrical conductivity and state at room temperature. They use their observations to identify patterns, classify unknown samples and investigate graphite as an important exception. Animated atomic models then show why metals form positive ions by losing electrons, with sodium, lithium and potassium used to develop the link between electron arrangement and reactions.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry simulation exploring the properties and reactions of Group 1 alkali metals. Students compare lithium, sodium and potassium reacting with water, oxygen and chlorine, observe how reactivity increases down the group, and use electron arrangements to explain the trend. Includes animated reactions, equations, interactive explanations and prediction activities. A dedicated projector mode provides large visuals for whole-class teaching.

An interactive periodic table builder that allows GCSE Chemistry students to explore how the periodic table developed from early arrangements based on atomic weight to the modern table. Students rearrange element cards, identify repeating patterns, leave gaps for undiscovered elements, make predictions and investigate Mendeleev’s decisions. The simulation reveals how discoveries supported his predictions and how atomic number and electron arrangements explain the structure of the modern periodic table.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry simulation exploring why reactivity increases down Group 1 but decreases down Group 7. Students can compare alkali metals and halogens side by side, examining how increasing atomic radius and electron shielding affect the attraction between the nucleus and outer or incoming electrons. Animated electron loss and gain, adjustable visual overlays and interactive comparisons help students connect atomic structure to reactivity. Includes prediction questions and GCSE explanation-building activities to reinforce understanding.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry simulation exploring how long-chain hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller, more useful molecules. Students investigate the laboratory cracking apparatus, compare catalytic and steam cracking, visualise how molecules break apart, and observe the bromine water test for alkenes. Animated models, equation-balancing activities and real-world applications help students understand the importance of cracking in producing fuels, polymers and other chemicals.

An interactive simulation exploring how hydrocarbon chain length affects boiling point, viscosity and flammability. Students compare hydrocarbons through animated heating, flow and ignition experiments, using particle-level views to understand the trends. The simulation also explores complete combustion, showing how atoms rearrange to form carbon dioxide and water, with interactive activities for practising balanced chemical equations.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry simulation exploring how crude oil is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation. Students can inspect the mixture of hydrocarbons, follow a single batch through an animated fractionating column, and investigate why different hydrocarbons condense at different temperatures. Molecular animations illustrate evaporation, condensation and intermolecular forces, while interactive activities explore the uses of fractions as fuels and petrochemical feedstock.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry simulation exploring the formation of crude oil, hydrocarbons and the alkane homologous series. Animated geological processes, crude oil extraction, interactive molecular models and an alkane builder help students understand where crude oil comes from and recognise alkanes using molecular and displayed formulae.

An interactive GCSE Chemistry lesson exploring the law of conservation of mass and balancing chemical equations (AQA 4.3.1.1). Animated particle models show how atoms rearrange during reactions without being created or destroyed, while a virtual mass experiment demonstrates conservation of mass. Students investigate coefficients and subscripts, balance equations using interactive atom counters, and develop their understanding through step-by-step worked examples, guided practice and exam-style questions.

An interactive GCSE Higher Chemistry lesson exploring limiting and excess reactants through real-life analogies, animated chemical reactions and step-by-step calculations. Students progress from visualising how reactants are used up to identifying limiting reactants, calculating maximum product quantities and completing guided and AQA-style exam questions. Includes a no-scrolling presentation layout suitable for classroom projection and independent learning.

Explore dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle through animated particles, live reaction rates and graphs. Students investigate how reversible reactions reach equilibrium, discovering why equal forward and reverse rates do not require equal amounts of reactants and products. Change concentration, pressure, temperature or the presence of a catalyst, then observe how the mixture responds. Four reaction examples connect a simple reversible model to gas equilibria and the Haber process. Prediction prompts, reference markers and separate amount, concentration and rate graphs help students explain their observations. Includes six knowledge checks with feedback and a built-in teacher guide.

Understand how dynamic equilibria form an can be affected by altering conditions using an analogy