Chemistry

An interactive A-level chemistry simulation linking molecular structure and intermolecular forces to physical properties. Explore iodine and ice lattices, rotate local and extended 3-D ice structures, and investigate melting, boiling, solubility and electrical conductivity. Animated particle models explain water’s unusually high melting and boiling points and why ice floats. Designed to follow the molecular shapes, polarity and intermolecular forces simulations, with prediction prompts, revealable explanations and understanding checks.

An interactive A-level chemistry tool exploring London forces, permanent dipole–dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Animated electron clouds show how temporary dipoles arise and induce dipoles in neighbouring particles. Molecular models, displayed formulae and comparisons help students connect molecular structure with intermolecular attractions, while investigations explore polarisability, molecular contact and boiling.

Learn why some substances dissolve and why some don't

View the pH curves for different combinations of acid-base titrations and select the most appropriate indicator

Learn how to draw pH curves for different combinations of strong and weak acids and bases

Explore the differences between simple molecular substances and giant covalent structures through interactive particle diagrams and simulations. Investigate how heating affects intermolecular forces and covalent bonds, discover why larger molecules have higher boiling points, and compare electrical conductivity. Featuring a rotatable silicon dioxide structure, heating animations, molecular size comparisons and knowledge-check questions, this simulation helps GCSE Chemistry students link structure and bonding to physical properties.

An interactive exploration of electronegativity, bond polarity and molecular polarity for A-level Chemistry. Students compare Pauling values, investigate periodic trends and switch between dot-and-cross representations, electron clouds and rotatable molecular models. Whole-molecule charge maps show electron-rich and electron-poor regions, while animated charge-centre constructions explain why bond dipoles cancel or produce an overall dipole. Any two examples can be compared side by side, with prediction questions and explanatory feedback supporting classroom discussion and independent learning.

Explore molecular shapes and bond angles using chunky, rotatable 3D models. Students connect displayed and dot-and-cross diagrams to electron domains, lone pairs and molecular geometry through a shape builder, staged explanations and random challenges. Includes an animated comparison of methane, ammonia and water, plus optional extension shapes.

Explore first and successive ionisation energies through animated electron removal, electron configurations, orbital diagrams and interactive graphs. Compare atoms and ions, investigate trends across periods and down groups, and explain exceptions using nuclear charge, shielding, subshells and electron pairing. Includes prediction-and-reveal controls and data for elements from hydrogen to xenon.

Explore dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle through animated particles, live reaction rates and graphs. Students investigate how reversible reactions reach equilibrium, discovering why equal forward and reverse rates do not require equal amounts of reactants and products. Change concentration, pressure, temperature or the presence of a catalyst, then observe how the mixture responds. Four reaction examples connect a simple reversible model to gas equilibria and the Haber process. Prediction prompts, reference markers and separate amount, concentration and rate graphs help students explain their observations. Includes six knowledge checks with feedback and a built-in teacher guide.